Author: Departamento de economía

IN 2020 MIGRATION FELL BY 30% AND REACHED ITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE 2003 Migration inflows reached their highest level of the decade in 2016. Immigrants contribute more in taxes than governments spend on them. SPANIARDS MIGRATE MAINLY TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES In 2019, Colombia, Morocco and Venezuela were the top three nationalities of newcomers The work … Continued

DOWNWARD TREND IN THE EVOLUTION OF GDP AND LABOUR FORCE IN OECD ECONOMIES Emerging economies are at the forefront of the gradually GDP declining for OECD+G20 to 1.5% in 2060. Ageing is the main factor for the overall decline in active population (15-74). ONCE THE RECOVERY HAS TAKEN HOLD, THE WITHDRAWAL OF STIMULI AND THE … Continued

IN 2020, DESPITE THE PANDEMIC, IMPROVEMENTS WERE OBSERVED IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS INDICATORS In 2021, Switzerland, Sweden and the US lead the global ranking and that of their regions. China, the one with the highest increase in R&D spending in 2019 among the top 5 investing economies. 60% of companies investing in R&D reported … Continued

EXPONENTIAL INCREASE IN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN AI SINCE 2012, FROM $3 BILLION TO $81.1 BILLION IN 2020. The mobility and health sectors accounted for 40.1% of the investment in 2020. The US is the world’s largest investor, although China’s average amount per investment is higher. In Spain, the proportion of workers equipped with AI … Continued

Evolution of house prices in Spain Despite the strong social and economic impact of the pandemic house prices have shown positive growth rates. During the hardest months of pandemic, the moderation initiated in mid-2018 in the pace of house price advances has accentuated. Why do prices behave in this way? Changing consumer preferences Temporary shortage … Continued

In May 2021, there were 8 Million more unemployed people in the OECD than before the pandemic, and the forecast is that only a few economies will have recovered employment levels prior to the crisis by the end of 2022. The crisis has had a big impact on young people, and those in low-skilled or … Continued

Perception of corruption in the EU-27 A third of the population surveyed in the EU-27 have noticed an increase in corruption over the past 12 months, wich is a problem that affects both the public and private sectors. 62% of Europeans consider governmental corruption a serious issue. Perception of corruption in Spain 23% of those … Continued

One of the megatrends that characterizes the world today is the exodus of people from the countryside to cities. Between 1950 and 2050 the urban population will multiply by 9, reaching 62.5% of the world population, 6.5 pp more than in 2020. North America is the region with most people currently living in urban areas … Continued

In the Index of Economic Freedom published by The Heritage Foundation, 54.4% of the 178 countries analyzed enjoy at least a moderate degree of economic freedom (score above 60 points). Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland and Ireland lead the ranking with scores above 80, putting them in the ranks of the economically “free”. Spain (69,9 … Continued

The economy will be conditioned by the pandemic in 2021 and 2022 Conditioning factors for recovery: evolution of the pandemic and efficiency/efficacy of the vaccines; easing of restrictions on activity and economic agents’ reaction; duration of the support policies and the impact of the European funds; recovery of the tourism sector; spending and household saving … Continued

In Spain, the tax wedge exceeds the OECD average. This gap is mainly explained because Spanish employers support higher social security contributions. By family type, the tax wedge is higher for single workers without children than for married couples with children.

In 2020, Covid-19 caused an annual decrease in mobility servicices revenue of 52.3% (-51.7% worldwide). In 2021, an upturn of 58.3% is expected, conditioned by the epidemiological evolution and progress in the vaccination program. Mobility services include personal transport solutions that are different from those that involve the use of an owned vehicle such as … Continued

The European Union (EU) response to the economic and social impact of the pandemic has been rapid and robust. The European Recovery and Resilience Facility (Next Generation EU) is an important step in the European construction process, most notably in the design and implementation of common fiscal policy elements. The efficient allocation of the funds … Continued

Since Q1 2020, Covid-19 cases have spread all over the world, but particularly in Europe and North America. Within Europe, Spain is in 6th place in terms of the number of cases per million inhabitants, and in 7th position for the number of deaths per million inhabitants. The vaccination process is advancing in Europe, headed … Continued

In 2020, tourism in Spain collapsed as a result of Covid-19. Nineteen million foreign tourists arrived in Spain, 77% less than in 2019 when the sector had been registering several years of record-breaking levels. In 2020, the leading source market for tourism to Spain was France with 3.9 million tourists, compared to 3.2 million from … Continued